王安石与神宗暨王安石暮年境遇与心态

【作者】 吴智勇

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【关键词】 王安石 宋神宗 熙宁新政 异论相搅 交游 文人心态

【摘要】石在政治上难有作为。个性刚硬，“出处以道”的王安石在熙宁九年彻底离开政坛，开始了长达十年的退隐钟山的生活。退居钟山以后，与神宗既近又远的关系，使王安石对新政前途怀有隐忧，但他无心也无力返回朝政。这是影响王安石晚年心境的一个重要因素。王安石长子王雱才华横溢，在学术和政治上是王安石的得力助手；他的英年早逝，给王安石以沉重打击。次子王旁在政治与学术上均无建树，又罹患心疾，致使幼子夭折，家庭破碎。两个儿子都没有留下子嗣。王安石的两个女儿都有文采，她们远嫁他乡，在王安石退居钟山的十年中，未能侍奉左右。膝下寂寞的王安石备感晚景凄凉。这是影响他晚年心境的另一个重要因素。退居金陵以后，王安石抛开政治成见，结交各色文人，抛开文学成见，用曾经不屑一顾的文学形式——词，来抒写曾经不屑一顾的文学内容——爱情，表露了他摆脱政治羁绊后，极欲追求心灵自由，回归普通文人心态的内心现实。Wang Anshi and Emperor Shenzong of Song Dynasty were similar in their political thoughts, so their relationship was beyond an emperor and his minister—they were like friends. Shenzong’s full-hearted support ensured that Wang Anshi could carry out his New Deal smoothly. Nevertheless, as the course of reforming going on, strong pressure from conservative, the Song Dynasty’s unique policy of ministers with different politics interfering with each other, the power conflicts between emperor and prime minister, and divarication on some crucial decisions, all had eroded the relationship between Wang Anshi and Shenzhong. In such conditions, it was almost impossible for Wang Anshi to attain any achivement in politics any more. He retired without other choice. Living by the Zhongshan mountain after retiring, Wang Anshi worried about the future of the New Deal, but he was reluctant and unable to go back to administration. That is an important fact affected Wang Anshi’s mood and feelings in his late years.Wang Pāng, an excellent young man with great talent, was Wang Anshi’s eldest son, and also his father’s right hand in learning and politics. Unfortunately, he died very young. His death almost broke down the father’s spirit. Wang Páng was Wang Anshi’s another son. He was not outstanding as his elder brother, though his verses had ever got contemporary critics’ praise.65

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【录入时间】2005-01-01